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When you sell your Mexican residential property, there are some selling costs, and taxes and tax allowances you need to account for as part of the transaction
It’s possible to market and sell your property without the services of a local realty agent; however, a good realty agent provides a marketing service, a conduit between the negotiating parties, as well as managing through the paperwork to bring a property sale to successful completion. Realty agents in Mexico typically charge between 5% and 8% of the sale price in commission—and you need to add Mexican sales tax (IVA) to this (16%), so if the agent’s commission is 5%, the tax-inclusive payment will be 5.80%; and if the agent’s commission is 8%, the tax-inclusive payment will be 9.28%.
In Mexico, the role of the Notary Public is paramount in property transactions. A Mexican Notary Public is a legal professional with very important statutory roles. The fees for the Notary Public are paid for by the buyer. Some buyers also choose to hire a lawyer, which can add several thousand US dollars to their total fees, but this is not necessary for most transactions. If the property you are selling is held in a Bank Trust (fideicomiso), then you will also need to budget for a ‘trust cancellation fee’ that is levied by the bank; the amount varies, but you should budget for around US$1,000 to cover this.
Taxation on residential property sales is a complex area of Mexican tax law and every case will be slightly different depending on the circumstances. Also, keep in mind that tax laws are subject to reform and because house purchases tend to be long-term investments, the tax laws which apply today might apply entirely, in-part, or not at all when you come to sell your property years from now.
These are the key principles of residential property taxation as of the date of this article, and guidelines here are intended to help you compose an estimate of the taxes you will be expected to account for when you sell a residential property in Mexico. (Different tax rules and rates apply when you sell commercial property.) You should seek professional advice from a Notary Public and/or tax accountant in Mexico to get a detailed appraisal of your situation. Note also that if you are not a Mexican national then you might also be liable to taxes in your home country and you should seek advice from a specialist tax accountant in that respect, too.
Tax Calculations
Taxes due on the sale of residential property are calculated by the Notary Public, who also withholds these amounts for direct transfer to the Mexican Treasury. The tax law makes each Notary Public fully liable for taxes due, so they will absolutely ensure that the rules have been followed and certify that sellers qualify for any exemptions and deductions they are claiming for tax relief.
Mexico applies a capital gains tax on residential property of 25% on the gross sales value of the transaction without any deductions OR between 1.92% and 35% on the value of the gain (purchase costs less allowable exemptions and deductions): the percentage is calculated on a sliding scale in relation to the gain and we recommend you assume 35% as residential property sales with a gain above $250,000 pesos (c.$13,000 US dollars) will be subject to this rate.
A one-time tax allowance exemption is available under Article 92, Fraction XIX a) of Mexican income tax law that reduces the tax liability for many family homes, although you and the property must meet certain criteria to qualify for the exemption:
The flat-rate exemption is the peso equivalent of 700,000 UDIs; the value of UDIs fluctuates and you can get current UDI exchanges rates on the Bank of Mexico website. At the time of writing, 700,000 UDIs equates to approximately $4.66 million Mexican pesos, and you can deduct this amount from the sale price if you qualify.
If the same home is properly co-titled with your spouse or other family member and they are resident in Mexico* with a Mexican tax ID, and the house is their primary residence too, you can deduct an additional 700,000 UDIs in their name.
The tax-deductible allowance is not automatic: you must qualify, and you must prove the qualification. Talk to your Notary Public about how to arrange this and what you need to do to present the necessary records for proof.
Talk with a licensed accountant who is experienced in property matters about getting a RFC if you hold legal residency in Mexico but don’t currently have a RFC number and want to use this as a means to claim the tax deductible allowance when you sell your residential home.
* Mexican income tax law does not expressly state whether the foreign person selling a property must have temporary or permanent residency status to avail themselves of capital gain tax exemptions; it does, however, expressly state that the seller must be selling his/her primary residence in order to qualify for tax exemptions on capital gains. The Notary Public dealing with the matter will interpret the law; some will apply the capital gains exemptions only if the seller has residente permanente status; some Notary Public offices may apply the exemptions to foreign residents with residente temporal status. You can read about the differences in these two residency statuses on our Mexican visas and immigration page.
You can deduct the costs of any capital improvements (e.g. building extensions, new flooring, swimming pools, new rooms) while you owned the property, as well as some closing costs commonly incurred when purchasing a home. You need official receipts —in Mexico, these are known as ‘facturas’— for all services and building work to claim these allowances when you sell, so be sure to take advice from your Notary Public on how to account for these—and follow it.
Any capital improvements made using a firm or builders who didn’t issue you with facturas for the work cannot be deducted. General maintenance and home improvements, like remodeled kitchens or new bathrooms, do not count as capital improvements.
In most towns and cities across Mexico, home prices are quoted in Mexican pesos when they are offered for sale. However, a few places and most notably in Los Cabos, Puerto Vallarta, San Miguel de Allende, Ajijic/Chapala, and Cancun/Riviera Maya, home prices are often seen quoted in US dollars.
Even though the transaction may be quoted in dollars, the deed will show the amount in Mexican pesos at the exchange rate prevalent on the date of the closing. Any capital gains are calculated only in Mexican pesos and therefore, shifts in the exchange rate can affect the capital gain calculation as expressed in a foreign currency.
Read Exchange Rates and Capital Gains on Your Mexican Home to understand how foreign exchange rates can influence capital gains calculations on property in Mexico, because your tax liabilities when you come to sell are calculated in pesos, not dollars.
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